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april 2016

sibelius around us

dedicated to

by federico ermirio

"I will always be happy, if I can be useful"
(From: "Sibelius, a close-up" by Bengt von Törne, 1937)

With this generous expression Sibelius took leave from von Törne after some instrumentation lessons, held at home in Ainola.

“Let us then shun all pernicious and enervating drugs, and turn to the pure water of Sibelius”: composer Ralph Vaughan Williams expressed himself in a radio interview in 1950. In some way he prescribed the future of British music. Less than a decade earlier he had composed his Fifth Symphony. The ascription originally reads"Dedicated without permission and with the sincerest flattery to Jean Sibelius, whose great example is worthy of all imitation." When the work was published it was shortened to read“Dedicated without permission to Jean Sibelius". Sir Adrian Boult subsequently secured permission. Sibelius wrote: I heard Dr. Ralph Vaughan Williams' new Symphony in Stockholm under the excellent leadership of Malcolm Sargent...This Symphony is a marvellous work ... the dedication made me feel proud and grateful... I wonder if Dr. Williams has any idea of the pleasure he has given me?".
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In 1932 Arnold Bax (1883-1953) had completed his Fifth Symphony, dedicating it to Sibelius. Bax and Sibelius were bound to be great esteem. Confirmation of Sibelius’s high regard for Bax can also now be seen in the typed letter that he sent to Clifford Gillam (founder of the Bax Society, after composer's death). It is dated ‘Järvenpää, 10.8.1955’ and signed in pencil: "
Dear Sir, Feeling deeply honoured by your request of accepting the presidency of the Arnold Bax Society I give my consent gratefully and whole-heartedly. I have a great admiration for the music of the English Maestro and wish to the work of the Arnold Bax Society every success. Sincerely yours. Jean Sibelius”.
 
Sibelius repeatedly declared his admiration for the British Composer: “Bax is one of the great men of our time; he has a fine musical mind, and original personal style, a splendid independence, and, thank God, he can write a melody, and is not ashamed to do so... Bax is my son in music”.
At the time of stylistic revolutions that Music lived in Europe in the early decades of the last century, the Finnish Master seems reach out to Composers, even younger colleagues, who are not leaving the moorings of a symphonic dimension - more, of a late romanticism discursivity, renewed, even painful, still winning... - antithesis of the modernism “tout court” and of the innovative extraordinary results indicated by the Viennese School, by Shostakovich, Stravinsky, Bartok ... That was the 20th century highest musical season!
 
Sibelius, though apparently indifferent to Elgar, though ousted from the relentless Theodore Adorno and maliciously dismissed by the independent Benjamin Britten, although afar from the ranks of composers (already followers and imitators!) who join to new "isms" ..., Sibelius precisely remains a reference, as a symbol and guide on one side, as respected Personality on the other; however cumbersome for his authority to maintain a substantial presence on the side of a symphonism far from languishing. A strong creative thinking, aware and forward-looking outcome not at all nostalgic, innovative in the urgency of a "modernity" of thought that only since a few decades is finally being focused. Sibelius too "is" the 20th century! In the sense of renewal that was less brisk and stimulating than that of Debussy, Ravel, Schönberg, Stravinsky, Bartok, Berg ..., a renewal as one of the possible responses to Mahler implosion, extreme catharsis of distress also inherited from the last Ciaikowskij. Sibelius firmly believes in the symphonic expression. He prevents the dissolution decreed by the magnificence of Mahler disintegration .... and re-oxygenates. A very personal vision, certainly heroic as sealed by most, but also "optimistic". The Symphony is still severity of form, logical connection between the various thematic elements, confident aspiration to cyclical concepts; thus a purposeful container functional to his positive creativity.“If I could express the same thing with words as with music, I would, of course, use a verbal expression. Music is something autonomous and much richer. Music begins where the possibilities of language end. That is why I write music”. Sibelius is the skillful craftsman to whom bind composers who do not feel the urgency to cut with the past, nor to share Mahler absolutism: "The symphony must be like the world - he said - It must be all-embracing ..." (the famous often-quoted sentence that the Bohemian composer turned to the Finnish).

A restless Arnold Bax found in the Sibelian “aura” the dimension of that discursivity he could not give up. His Fifth Symphony is even "embarrassing" for the listener, as it manifests itself Bax total admiration for the great Finnish. The first movement is an authentic act of faith, built on a five-note phrase that refers to a theme of Sibelius Fourth Symphony, later found - with a descending line of gentle lyricism - in the Fifth, with which Sibelius returns to an epic solarity. Bax tribute is suffered. It's a total confession that strays and astonishes for the crystalline assertion. He was moved to tears by listening for the first time Tapiola, the work he believed would have placed Sibelius among the immortals. In his successive Sixth Symphony Bax quotes Tapiola towards the end of the work, with a theme of the Strings that illuminates a moment of furious excitement of the underlying horns. The composer's Sibelian dimension is touching, for an author who still feels that he can not ignore Shostacovich and others..., who is attracted in other directions. Telling about some of his works (the Fifth Symphony and The poem that the Pine-Trees Knew) he described them as "craggy northern works”. Indeed, they are. The spirit of Sibelius is in evidence.
Totally different and calm seems the great admiration of Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958), who said of him, admiringly, that Sibelius could make the chord of C major sound stranger than “the maddest polytonalities of the maddest central Europeans”. If Arnold Bax sees in Sibelius an anchor that allows him to avoid being dragged into an open sea - that despite it appeals him – Williams honestly bows in admiration to the Master. Williams Sibelian “aura” is genuine and convinced: examples in orchestration, mixing in distributing sudden dissonances ... and even the emergence of the brass in the transitions, the treatment of the strings to create an "orchestra pedal" etc ... Williams pays his tribute to Sibelius with great seduction. His Fifth Symphony is an extraordinary work, parenthetical in the his aboundant symphonic corpus. We hear the "North", not rocky or leaden or foggy ... It's rather a contemplative dimension; panacea that collects and distances itself from the "madnesses" of the modernism that Williams observes with intelligent curiosity, although with measured sharing.

Another independent composer, William Walton (1902-1983) came to the attention in the thirties with his First Symphony, not immune to the Sibelian influence. Not an explicit dedication. The Symphony deserves to be included among the masterpieces of the 20th century: fulminant in the thematic ideas of the first movement. Brevity of thematic ideas, use of colored fluorishes and sparkling appoggiaturas that resolve on long-kept sounds inevitably lead to Sibelius. The rapid, short and pausate chords that conclude the Symphony stigmatize the exuberant adhesion of young Walton to Sibelius lesson as well – again in the first movement - the clear and repeated harmonic structure that intensifies and within which are located thematic splinters. They are personal echoes of the Fifth Symphony of the Finnish Master.
 
With no doubt Sibelius was a substantial “footprint” and a fundamental presence in the British music of last century's early decades, as it was certainly Edward Elgar. But the two rarely had occasions to meet, maintaining a formal mutual respect. Composers of his age and of subsequent generations... dedicated works to him as a direct or indirect hommage to the Artist who strongly showed the not-collaps of the Symphonic thought. The list of Composers and compositions is long enough, to be referred in another article. In 1990 a generous Sergiu Commissiona produced a significant recording. To mark the 125th anniversary of Sibelius birth, he persuaded the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra to commission eight composers from all round the world (Japan, Finland, Danemark, Roumania and USA) to write a short piece each as a tribute to Finland's national composer.
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